Historically, Catholic social teaching is rooted in the workers’ question of the 19th and 20th centuries. Since then, human work and labor have been a key issue in Christian social ethics. Recent developments in robotics and artificial intelligence have led to a revival of the utopia of liberating humanity from work. This idea is at odds with those who are convinced that meaningful and satisfying work is an integral part of human life and flourishing. So should we aim for less work or better work? In his opening address to the Ethics Plenary of the Catholic Theological Society of America, David Cloutier sought to outline a Catholic position in this controversy. He develops a theological anthropology of good work grounded in the Vatican II core idea of the universal call to holiness.